Can virtual reality improve anatomy education

Introduction The use of computer-generated three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models to teach anatomy has proliferated. However, there is little evidence that these models are educationally effective. The purpose of this study was to test the educational worth of a computer-generated 3D model of the middle and inner ear. Methods We reconstructed a fully interactive model of the middle and inner ear from a magnetic resonance imaging scan of a human cadaver ear. To test the model's educational usefulness, we conducted a randomized control study in which 31 medical students completed a Web-based tutorial on ear anatomy that included the interactive model, while a control group of 30 students took the tutorial without exposure to the model. At the end of the tutorials, both groups were asked a series of 15 quiz questions to evaluate their knowledge of 3D relationships within the ear. Results The intervention group's mean score on the quiz was 83%, while that of the control group was 65%. This difference in means was highly significant (p < 0.001). Discussion Our findings stand in contrast to the handful of previous attempts to evaluate the effects of computer-generated 3D anatomical models on learning. The equivocal and negative results of these previous studies may be due to the limitations of these studies (such as small sample size) as well as the limitations of the models that were studied (such as a lack of full interactivity). Given our positive results, we believe that further research is warranted concerning the educational effectiveness of computer-generated anatomical models.